A REPORT ON MOLLUSKS AND GASTROPODS:

<Mollusks and Gastropods>

 

<Introduction>

 

Title: Mollusks and Gastropods

Date: December 8, 2021

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Purpose: To explore the world of the phyllum Mollusca and that of the class Gastropoda.

 

Contents:        Abalone

                        Snail

                                    Gastropod

                                    Mollusk

                                    Limpet

                                    Periwinkle

                                    Slug

                                    Whelk

                        Gastropod

                                    Mollusks

                                    Snails

                                    Conches

                                    Whelks

                                    Limpets

                                    Periwinkle

                                    Abalones

                                    Slugs

                                    Nudibranchs

                                    Bivalves

                        Mollusk

                                    Invertebrates

                                    Gastropods

                                    Bivalves

                                    Cephalopods

                        Limpet

                                    Snails

                                    Mollusks

                        Periwinkle

                                    Snails

                        Slug

                        Gastropod

                                    Mollusk

                                    Nudibranch

                        Whelks

                                    Snails

                                    Conchs

 

abalone

 

Any of several marine snail species (genus Haliotis, family Haliotidae), found in warm seas worldwide.

 

The outer surface of the single shell has a row of small holes, most of which fill in as the animal grows; some remain open asoutlets for waste products. Abalones range from 4 to 10 in. (10?25 cm) across and up to 3 in. (8 cm) deep. The largest is the12 in. (30 cm) abalone (H. rufescens). The shell's lustrous, iridescent interior is used in ornaments, and the large muscular foot is eaten as a delicacy. Commercial abalone fisheries exist in California, Mexico, Japan, and South Africa.

 

 

 

snail

 

Any species of gastropod that glides along on a broad tapered foot and has a high coiled shell into which it can withdraw.

 

Snails are found in the ocean, in fresh waters, and on land. Most marine snails have gills in the mantle cavity (see mollusk). Most land and freshwater snails have no gills; they use the mantle cavity itself as a lung. Snails may be either scavengers (of dead plant or animal matter) or predators. Some species are used as food, and the shells of some are used as ornaments. See also limpet, periwinkle, slug, whelk.

 

 

 

gastropod

 

Any member of the class Gastropoda, the largest group of mollusks, including about 65,000 species.

 

Gastropods, which include the snails, conchs, whelks, limpets, periwinkles, abalones, slugs, and sea slugs (see nudibranch), are found worldwide, in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments. Gastropods typically have a large foot with a flat sole for crawling, a single coiled shell that covers the soft body, and a head that bears a pair of eyes and tentacles. However, they are so diverse that some formslack shells, while animals in one genus have shells with two halves, like bivalves. Most feed by using a radula, a ribbon of small horny teeth that tear food into pieces. They may be herbivores, carnivores, predators, parasites, or filter feeders of plankton and detritus.

 

 

mollusk

 

or mollusc

 

Any of some 75,000 species of soft-bodied invertebrate animals (phylum Mollusca), many of which are wholly or partly enclosed in a calcium carbonate shell secreted by the mantle, a soft covering formed from the body wall.

 

Between the mantle and the body is the mantle cavity. Mollusks occur in most habitats from the deep sea to high mountains. Living mollusks are usually grouped into eight classes: Gastropoda (see gastropod), Bivalvia or Pelecypoda (see bivalve), Cephalopoda (see cephalopod), Scaphopoda (tusk shells), Aplacophora (Solenogasters), Caudofoveata (sometimes included in the Aplacophora order), Polyplacophora (chitons), and Monoplacophora. Mollusks are economically important as food, and their shells are widely used in jewelry and decorative items.

 

 

 

limpet

 

Any of various species of snails that have a flattened shell.

 

Most marine species (subclass Prosobranchia) cling to rocks near shore. A common U.S. species is the Atlantic plate limpet (Acmaea testudinalis) of cold waters. Keyhole limpets have a slit or hole at the apex of the shell. Some limpets (subclass Pulmonata) live in brackish water and freshwater. See also mollusk.

 

 

periwinkle

 

In zoology, any of some 80 species (family Littorinidae) of widely distributed, chiefly herbivorous shore snails.

 

Periwinkles are usually found on rocks, stones, or pilings between high- and low-tide marks. The common periwinkle (Littorina littorea), the largest northern species, may grow to 1.5 in. (4 cm) long. It is usually dark gray and has a solid spiral shell. Introduced into North America c. 1857, it is now common on Atlantic coasts. All periwinkle species are a favourite food of many shorebirds.

 

 

slug

 

Any species of gastropod that glides along on a broad tapered foot and has no shell or one that is merely an internal plate or a series of granules.

 

Most slugs use the mantle cavity (see mollusk) as a lung. Slugshave a soft, slimy body and live in moist habitats on land (except for one freshwater species). All are hermaphroditic. In temperate regions, the common slugs eat fungi and decaying leaves. Some tropical species eat plants, and some European species eat other snails and earthworms. See also nudibranch.

 

 

 

 

whelk

 

Any marine snail of the family Buccinidae, or a snail having a similar shell; found worldwide.

 

Some whelks are called conchs. The sturdy shell of most species in the family is slender and has a wide opening in the first whorl. The animal feeds on other mollusks through its longproboscis; some species also kill fishes and crustaceans caught in commercial traps. Most are cold-water species; tropical species are smaller and more colourful. The common northern whelk (Buccinum undatum) has a stout pale shell about 3 in. (8 cm) long and is abundant in North Atlantic waters.

 

 

 

gastropod

 

Any member of the class Gastropoda, the largest group of mollusks, including about 65,000 species.

 

Gastropods, which include the snails, conchs, whelks, limpets, periwinkles, abalones, slugs, and sea slugs (see nudibranch), are found worldwide, in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments. Gastropods typically have a large foot with a flat sole for crawling, a single coiled shell that covers the soft body, and a head that bears a pair of eyes and tentacles. However, they are so diverse that some formslack shells, while animals in one genus have shells with two halves, like bivalves. Most feed by using a radula, a ribbon ofsmall horny teeth that tear food into pieces. They may be herbivores, carnivores, predators, parasites, or filter feeders of plankton and detritus.

 

 

mollusk

 

or mollusc

 

Any of some 75,000 species of soft-bodied invertebrate animals (phylum Mollusca), many of which are wholly or partly enclosed in a calcium carbonate shell secreted by the mantle, a soft covering formed from the body wall.

 

Between the mantle and the body is the mantle cavity. Mollusks occur in most habitats from the deep sea to high mountains. Living mollusks are usually grouped into eight classes: Gastropoda (see gastropod), Bivalvia or Pelecypoda (see bivalve), Cephalopoda (see cephalopod), Scaphopoda (tusk shells), Aplacophora (Solenogasters), Caudofoveata (sometimes included in the Aplacophora order), Polyplacophora (chitons), and Monoplacophora. Mollusks are economically important as food, and their shells are widely used in jewelry and decorative items.

 

 

snail

 

Any species of gastropod that glides along on a broad tapered foot and has a high coiled shell into which it can withdraw.

 

Snails are found in the ocean, in fresh waters, and on land. Most marine snails have gills in the mantle cavity (see mollusk). Most land and freshwater snails have no gills; they use the mantle cavity itself as a lung. Snails may be either scavengers (of dead plant or animal matter) or predators. Some species are used as food, and the shells of some are used as ornaments. See also limpet, periwinkle, slug, whelk.

 

 

conch

 

Marine snail whose shell has a broadly triangular outer whorl and a wide lip, often jutting toward the uppermost point.

 

True conchs (family Strombidae) feed on fine plant matter in warm waters. The queen conch (Strombus gigas), found from Florida to Brazil, has an ornamental shell; the pink opening into the first whorl of the shell may be 12 in. (30 cm) long. The clam-eating fulgur conchs (family Melongenidae) include the channeled conch (Busycon canaliculatum) and the lightning conch (B. contrarium), both about 7 in. (18 cm) long and common on the U.S. Atlantic coast. See also whelk.

 

 

whelk

 

Any marine snail of the family Buccinidae, or a snail having asimilar shell; found worldwide.

 

Some whelks are called conchs. The sturdy shell of most species in the family is slender and has a wide opening in the first whorl. The animal feeds on other mollusks through its long proboscis; some species also kill fishes and crustaceans caught in commercial traps. Most are cold-water species; tropical species are smaller and more colourful. The common northern whelk (Buccinum undatum) has a stout pale shell about 3 in. (8 cm) long and is abundant in North Atlantic waters.

 

 

 

limpet

 

Any of various species of snails that have a flattened shell.

 

Most marine species (subclass Prosobranchia) cling to rocks near shore. A common U.S. species is the Atlantic plate limpet (Acmaea testudinalis) of cold waters. Keyhole limpets have a slit or hole at the apex of the shell. Some limpets (subclass Pulmonata) live in brackish water and freshwater. See also mollusk.

 

 

 

periwinkle

 

In zoology, any of some 80 species (family Littorinidae) of widely distributed, chiefly herbivorous shore snails.

 

Periwinkles are usually found on rocks, stones, or pilings between high- and low-tide marks. The common periwinkle (Littorina littorea), the largest northern species, may grow to 1.5 in. (4 cm) long. It is usually dark gray and has a solid spiral shell. Introduced into North America c. 1857, it is now common on Atlantic coasts. All periwinkle species are a favourite food of many shorebirds.

 

 

abalone

 

Any of several marine snail species (genus Haliotis, family Haliotidae), found in warm seas worldwide.

 

The outer surface of the single shell has a row of small holes, most of which fill in as the animal grows; some remain open as outlets for waste products. Abalones range from 4 to 10 in. (10?25 cm) across and up to 3 in. (8 cm) deep. The largest is the 12 in. (30 cm) abalone (H. rufescens). The shell's lustrous, iridescent interior is used in ornaments, and the large muscular foot is eaten as a delicacy. Commercial abalone fisheries exist in California, Mexico, Japan, and South Africa.

 

 

slug

 

Any species of gastropod that glides along on a broad tapered foot and has no shell or one that is merely an internal plate or a series of granules.

 

Most slugs use the mantle cavity (see mollusk) as a lung. Slugs have a soft, slimy body and live in moist habitats on land (except for one freshwater species). All are hermaphroditic. In temperate regions, the common slugs eat fungi and decaying leaves. Some tropical species eat plants, and some European species eat other snails and earthworms. See also nudibranch.

 

 

 

 

nudibranch

 

or sea slug

 

Any marine gastropod in the order Nudibranchia.

 

Most nudibranchs lack a shell, mantle cavity (see mollusk), and gills, and breathe through the body surface. The delicately colored body, up to 16 in. (43 cm) long, has bizarre defensive outgrowths, called cerata, that discharge nematocysts ingested from cnidarian prey. Antenna like organs arise from the head. Nudibranchs occur in shallow waters of all oceans, where they feed chiefly on other invertebrates, particularly sea anemones. Some species can swim; others are bottom creepers. The term sea slug sometimes refers to all members of the subclass Opisthobranchia.

 

 

 

bivalve

 

Any member of the mollusk class Bivalvia, or Pelecypoda, characterized by having a two-halved (valved) shell.

 

Clams, cockles, mussels, oysters, scallops, and shipworms are bivalves. Most are completely enclosed by the shell, the two valves of which are joined by an elastic ligament, and by two sheets of tissue called the mantle. Bivalves have no head. They feed on phytoplankton by pumping water across the gills and trapping food particles that are then moved to the mouth. Bivalves are found in most parts of the ocean from the intertidal zone to abyssal depths.

 

 

mollusk

 

or mollusc

 

Any of some 75,000 species of soft-bodied invertebrate animals (phylum Mollusca), many of which are wholly or partly enclosed in a calcium carbonate shell secreted by the mantle, a soft covering formed from the body wall.

 

Between the mantle and the body is the mantle cavity. Mollusks occur in most habitats from the deep sea to high mountains. Living mollusks are usually grouped into eight classes: Gastropoda (see gastropod), Bivalvia or Pelecypoda (see bivalve), Cephalopoda (see cephalopod), Scaphopoda (tusk shells), Aplacophora (Solenogasters), Caudofoveata (sometimes included in the Aplacophora order), Polyplacophora (chitons), and Monoplacophora. Mollusks are economically important as food, and their shells are widely used in jewelry and decorative items.

 

 

invertebrate

 

Any animal that lacks a vertebral column, or backbone.

 

They include the protozoans, annelids, cnidarians, echinoderms, flatworms, nematodes, mollusks, and arthropods. More than 90% of living animals are invertebrates.Worldwide in distribution, they range in size from minute protozoans to giant squids. Apart from the absence of a vertebral column, invertebrates have little in common. They are generally soft-bodied and have an external skeleton for muscle attachment and protection. See also vertebrate.

 

 

gastropod

 

Any member of the class Gastropoda, the largest group of mollusks, including about 65,000 species.

 

Gastropods, which include the snails, conchs, whelks, limpets, periwinkles, abalones, slugs, and sea slugs (see nudibranch), are found worldwide, in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments. Gastropods typically have a large foot with a flat sole for crawling, a single coiled shell that covers the soft body, and a head that bears a pair of eyes and tentacles. However, they are so diverse that some form slack shells, while animals in one genus have shells with two halves, like bivalves. Most feed by using a radula, a ribbon of small horny teeth that tear food into pieces. They may be herbivores, carnivores, predators, parasites, or filter feeders of plankton and detritus.

 

 

bivalve

 

Any member of the mollusk class Bivalvia, or Pelecypoda, characterized by having a two-halved (valved) shell.

 

Clams, cockles, mussels, oysters, scallops, and shipworms are bivalves. Most are completely enclosed by the shell, the two valves of which are joined by an elastic ligament, and by two sheets of tissue called the mantle. Bivalves have no head. They feed on phytoplankton by pumping water across the gills and trapping food particles that are then moved to the mouth. Bivalves are found in most parts of the ocean from the intertidal zone to abyssal depths.

 

 

cephalopod

 

Any marine mollusk of the class Cephalopoda (e.g., cuttlefish, nautilus, octopus, and squid), which includes the most active and largest living invertebrates.

 

Cephalopods are bilaterally symmetrical and typically have a highly developed centralized nervous system. Their image-forming eyes are similar in structure to vertebrate eyes, and their heads are armed with tentacles that have rows of round suction disks. Most cephalopods can change skin colour to blend in with their surroundings. All can swim, propelling themselves backward by expelling water forcefully. Most are carnivores that feed on fish, crustaceans, and other mollusks.

 

End of <Mollusks and Gastropods>.

 

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